Glaucoma is an eye condition that refers to damage to the optic nerve. The optic nerve connects the eye to the brain. Glaucoma typically occurs as a result of fluid buildup in the front of the eye, which leads to high pressure inside the eye. Early treatment to lower this pressure can help prevent vision loss.

Glaucoma may be genetic in some cases. Mutations in the genes optineurin, myocilin, and CYP1B1 may lead to primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG), the most common type of glaucoma. However, they account for under 10% of POAG cases worldwide.

What are the main causes of glaucoma?

In most cases, glaucoma develops as a result of fluid building up and applying pressure at the front of the eye. Fluid usually drains out through part of the eye called the drainage angle. If the drainage angle is not working properly, it can cause the fluid to build up. Examples of risk factors for glaucoma include: being over the age of 40 years; family history of glaucoma; experiencing an eye injury; being farsighted or nearsighted; long-term use of steroid medication; and having a condition such as diabetes, high blood pressure, and migraine.

What are the signs and symptoms of glaucoma?

Signs and symptoms of glaucoma typically develop over time, and will usually affect peripheral vision first. It can also cause blurred vision and rainbow-colored circles when looking at bright lights. In rare cases, glaucoma may occur suddenly, with additional symptoms such as intense eye pain, nausea, vomiting, tenderness around the eyes, and headaches. Symptoms may differ depending on whether a person experiences open-angle or closed-angle glaucoma. A person may not notice any symptoms of open-angle glaucoma until the condition is severe, so it is important to have regular eye exams.

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Glaucoma: Frequently Asked Questions

Is glaucoma genetic? Chevron Icon

What are the main causes of glaucoma? Chevron Icon

What are the signs and symptoms of glaucoma? Chevron Icon

Is glaucoma genetic?

What are the main causes of glaucoma?

What are the signs and symptoms of glaucoma?